The goto place to learn about Bitcoin is the Bitcoin Wiki.. it's a fantastic resource that will help you learn whatever you want to know. You can start here and read-up on it a bit:
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Buying_Bitcoins_(the_newbie_version)
Beyond that, Bitcoin itself hasn't been hacked. Never has been. Instead, what happened is several different systems holding bitcoins were hacked, and if your system has a bitcoin wallet, and you install trojans etc, then yes, they'll likely look for bitcoins and try to move them.
If you want to be exceedingly careful, install VirtualBox, and within it, you can install another instance of either Windows or Linux (say Ubuntu) and using that for your transactions (this is all free, btw). That way, even if your computer got hacked, infected, it would never result in your bitcoin wallet potentially being compromised.